Officially the Ethnomusicology Centre, this museum houses the wide-ranging folk-instrument collection of Fivos Anogianakis. The museum is located on Diogenous Street in Plaka in a two-storey structure constructed shortly after Athens became the Greek capital in the 1830s. The building, once owned by the Georgios Lassani family, also houses the museum’s offices and library.

In 1978, Fivos Anogianakis donated to the Greek state his entire collection of 1,200 instruments, assembled over a 40-year period, with the purpose of establishing the museum.